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evolution diversity adaptation fitness homologous structures natural selection variation within a species struggle for existence classification kingdom phylum class order family genus species |
taxonomy altermation of generations haploid diploid sporophyte gametophyte bryophyte antheridium archegonium vascular tissue spores tracheophyte sporangia prothalium seed coat endosperm |
plant embryo pollen gymnosperm angiosperm cones flowers anther pistle stamen filamen sepal ovary ovule petal style monocot dicot |
roots stems leaves xylem phloem stomata tropism porifera picules collarcells osculum cnidarian gastrovascular cavity polyp medusa nematocysts platyhelmenthes |
bilateral symetry radial symetry parasite nematoda molluska annelida echinodermata radula mantle open circulatory system closed circulatory system complete digestive system segmentation water vascular system arthropoda exoskeleton endoskeleton |
fishes gills operculum amphibia cutaneous respiration vertebrate skeleton double life of an amphibian reptilia aves two chambered heart three chambered heart four chambered heart amnionic egg air sacs in bird lungs mammalia marsupial placental |
endotherm ectotherm monotremes |