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National Science Standards

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BENCHMARK 4 - Revised May, 2003.

CRITICAL OBJECTIVES - The Students will be able to:

• Differentiate between organic and inorganic chemistry.
• Apply chemical concepts such as bonding, ion attraction, and acids and bases to biological chemistry.
• Identify the four classes of organic molecules.
• Describe how enzymes work in a living system.
• Explain how respiration and fermentation supply energy to a cell.
• Describe photosynthesis.
• Compare and contrast autotrophic organisms and heterotrophic organisms.
• Compare and contrast respiration and photosynthesis.
• Explain how traits are passed from generation to generation.
• Predict results of crosses using a Punnett square
• Relate mathematical probabilities to the science of genetics.
• Relate patterns of inheritance to the number and type of offspring produced.
• Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel
• Diagram a chart to demonstrate possible blood transfusions between different blood groups.
• Describe the biochemical background and inheritance pattern of several human genetic disorders.
• Relate mutations to genetic disorders
• Track the history and development of the model of DNA.
• Explain and diagram the Watson and Crick model of DNA.
• Explain DNA replication.
• Describe the process of transcription.
• Diagram the process of translation.
• Explain the process of selective breeding.
• Describe the achievements of genetic engineering.
• Diagram the alternations of generations.
• Correlate the life cycle of a Algae, Mosses and Ferns with the alternation of generations.
• Describe the alternation of generations as it relates to seed bearing plants.